Which option describes impervious surfaces?

Impervious surfaces are defined as hard surfaces that do not allow water to penetrate through them. Examples include sidewalks, driveways, roads, and parking lots. These surfaces are crucial in urban planning and environmental management because they can significantly affect water runoff patterns and water quality. When rain falls on impervious surfaces, it cannot infiltrate into the ground, leading to increased surface runoff. This can result in higher flooding risks, erosion, and water pollution as the runoff may carry various pollutants into nearby water bodies.

In contrast, options referring to soft surfaces, natural areas, or areas designated for plant growth typically allow for water infiltration, thereby reducing runoff and improving water quality. These softer surfaces are beneficial in managing storm water by facilitating percolation into the ground.